MLC Daily Current Affairs - 24 January 2025

Today in History ( January 24^th,2008)

Initiated by the Ministry of Women and Child Development in 2008, National Girl Child Day is an opportunity to raise awareness and advocate that girls receive equal opportunities and support, eliminating gender biases.

Let’s Revise

Q.1) Which state in India is going to become the first to adopt the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) after independence?
a) Goa
b) Uttarakhand
c) Kerala
d) Maharashtra
Answer: b)
Explanation: Uttarakhand passed the Uniform Civil Code of Uttarakhand Act, 2024, making it the first state in India post-independence to adopt UCC.

Q.2) What does the Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code prohibit?
a) Only child marriage
b) Polygamy, nikah halala, child marriage, and extrajudicial divorces
c) All personal laws
d) Live-in relationships
Answer: b)
Explanation: The law in Uttarakhand prohibits practices such as polygamy, nikah halala, child marriage, and extrajudicial divorces while establishing uniform legal guidelines for marriage and other personal matters.

Q.3) What is the legal age for marriage under Uttarakhand’s Uniform Civil Code for men and women?
a) 18 for men and 16 for women
b) 21 for men and 18 for women
c) 21 for both men and women
d) 25 for men and 21 for women
Answer: b)
Explanation: The law sets the legal age of marriage as 21 for men and 18 for women under the Uttarakhand Uniform Civil Code.

Q.4) Which of the following is recognized under Uttarakhand’s Uniform Civil Code?
a) Same-sex marriages
b) Live-in relationships as quasi-marriages
c) Religious-based divorce laws
d) Polygamy
Answer: b
Explanation: The UCC in Uttarakhand recognizes live-in relationships as quasi-marriages, ensuring the legitimacy of children born from such unions.

Q.5) Which article of the Indian Constitution refers to the idea of a Uniform Civil Code?
a) Article 15
b) Article 44
c) Article 51A
d) Article 32
Answer: b)
Explanation: Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, states that the state shall aim to secure a uniform civil code throughout India, though it is non-enforceable in a court of law.

Q.6) Which state’s legal system follows the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867, effectively applying a Uniform Civil Code to all its residents?
a) Goa
b) Kerala
c) Delhi
d) Bihar
Answer: a)
Explanation: Goa follows the Portuguese Civil Code of 1867, which applies the same laws for marriage, divorce, and inheritance to all its residents, regardless of religion.

Q.7.What is the primary goal of implementing a Uniform Civil Code in India?
a) To abolish all personal laws
b) To establish one law for all citizens covering personal matters like marriage and inheritance
c) To create religious-specific laws for different communities
d) To give the government control over family matters
Answer: b)
Explanation: The goal of a Uniform Civil Code is to create a single law for all citizens, addressing personal matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, irrespective of religion.

Q.8) Which of the following is true about the status of UCC in India?
a) It is mandatory for all states to adopt it
b) It is a directive principle in the Indian Constitution
c) It is enforced through the Fundamental Rights
d) It has already been fully implemented across India
Answer: b)
Explanation: The Uniform Civil Code is mentioned in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution as part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, guiding the state to work towards its implementation, but it is not enforceable by law.

Summary of Today’s News

Indian Vice President recently questioned the relevance of party whips in parliamentary proceedings

Context: The Vice President of India recently raised concerns about the necessity of party whips in parliamentary proceedings, suggesting that they limit the autonomy of legislators and hinder their ability to make independent decisions.
About Whip in Parliamentary Practice:
What is a Whip?

• A whip is an official communication issued by a political party to its lawmakers, instructing them to attend a significant vote or to cast their vote in a certain manner.
• This practice originates from the British parliamentary tradition, where “whipping in” was used to ensure members followed the party’s position.
• Appointed by: Each political party designates a Chief Whip, typically a senior lawmaker, responsible for issuing whips.
• Constitutional Status: The Indian Constitution does not explicitly refer to the use of whips.
Types of Whips:
• One-line Whip: Notifies members of an important vote but allows them the option to abstain if they disagree with the party stance.
• Two-line Whip: Requires members to be present for the vote, though it does not mandate a specific vote in line with the party’s position.
• Three-line Whip: The most stringent, requiring both attendance and adherence to the party’s vote, with non-compliance potentially leading to disqualification under the anti-defection law.
Functions and Powers:
• Ensure Attendance: Whips ensure that party members are present for essential legislative business and votes.
• Party Discipline: Helps maintain discipline within the party by ensuring members align their actions with the party’s goals.
• Strengthen Decision-making: Whips foster unity in critical votes on issues like budgets, Bills, and no-confidence motions.
• Compliance Monitoring: Tracks and reports whether members follow the party’s directives.
• Prevents Fragmentation: By enforcing a unified stance, whips reduce the possibility of internal party rifts.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)

Context: Recently, the Indian automobile market has witnessed the widespread integration of ADAS features in four-wheeler vehicles, significantly enhancing car safety.
About Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS):
• What is ADAS?
• ADAS stands for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, a combination of technologies designed to improve driver safety, enhance convenience, and minimize the risk of accidents.
• It integrates sensors, cameras, and processors to analyze real-time data and provide alerts or automated assistance to the driver.
• How Does ADAS Work?
• Sensors and Cameras: Commonly used sensors include RADAR, LiDAR, and SONAR, paired with 360-degree cameras that monitor the vehicle’s surroundings.
• Data Processing: Real-time data is processed by onboard computers to assess the environment, make decisions, and alert the driver or take automated actions.
• Response Mechanism: Based on processed data, ADAS can initiate actions such as braking, steering corrections, or collision warnings faster than human reaction times.
• Key Features of ADAS:
• Collision Intervention Systems: Prevents incoming collisions by detecting obstacles.
• Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB): Applies brakes if the driver does not react to warnings.
• Blindspot Alert and Avoidance: Warns of vehicles in blind spots and adjusts accordingly.
• Lane Departure Alert and Lane Keep Assist: Alerts and steers the vehicle back into its lane if it deviates.

• Traffic Sign Recognition: Identifies road signs and informs the driver.

• Driver Drowsiness Detection: Monitors driver fatigue and provides alerts.
• Adaptive Cruise Control: Maintains a safe distance from the vehicle ahead by adjusting speed.

• Parking Assist: Automates or assists during parking using cameras and sensors.
• Levels of ADAS: (Developed by the SAE (The Society of Automotive Engineers International))

• Only Level 2 and below ADAS equipped cars can be found in India.
Advantages of ADAS:
• Enhanced Safety: Reduces collision risks with forward collision alerts and automatic braking.
• Convenience: Reduces driver fatigue with adaptive cruise control and automated parking.
• Fuel Efficiency: Improves mileage through optimized acceleration and braking.
• Traffic Sign Compliance: Alerts drivers to follow road regulations.
• Driver Assistance: Improves navigation and decision-making in complex traffic scenarios.
• Limitations of ADAS in India:
• Infrastructure Challenges: Poor road markings and uneven infrastructure hinder system accuracy.
• Unpredictable Hazards: Stray animals and unregulated traffic complicate detection and response.
• Weather and Lighting: ADAS performance may degrade under low light or adverse weather conditions.
• System Accountability: Lack of clarity on whether the driver or ADAS is responsible during failures.